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Vitamin D With or Without Calcium Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer and Fractures (continued)
Table 2. Results of Linear Mixed-Effects Meta-Regression to Examine the Dose–Response Relationships Between Each 10-nmol/L Increase in Prediagnosis Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and the Risks for Colorectal, Prostate, and Breast Cancer in Nested Case–Control Studies
| Outcomes | Studies (Reference) | Methodologic Quality | Case-Patients and Controls, n* | Pooled Adjusted OR (95% CI)† |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | 9 nested case–control studies (19, 38–45) | 8 fair, 1 poor | 1127 case-patients 1122 controls |
0.94 (0.91–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Prostate cancer | 8 nested case–control studies (46, 47, 49, 50, 52–55) | 4 fair, 4 poor | 2399 case-patients 3210 controls |
1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.35 |
| Female breast cancer | 4 nested case–control studies (57–60) | 3 fair, 1 poor | 2363 case-patients 2363 controls |
0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.42 |
OR = odds ratio.
* Effective counts of case-patients and controls. Go to the Appendix for methods used for the dose–response meta-analyses.
† Different covariates were adjusted across studies.
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